The Magnificence Of Ramses II Essays - Ramesses II,

The Magnificence of Ramses II The Magnificence of Ramses II The history of Ancient Egypt consisted of a number of very powerful rulers known as pharahs. These pharaohs were regarded as gods by the Egyptian people. Every aspect of daily Egyptian life including the weather, and the success of the crops, was supposedly controlled by the pharaohs' attitude. Many Egyptians would devote their entire lives to the construction of the tomb for their pharaoh. Egyptians believed that by helping the pharaoh, they were securing their own place in the afterlife. All of the information that is known about each pharaoh was obtained from what is depicted on the walls of the various structures and tombs. The reign of Ramses II was one of the longest and most prolific reigns in Egyptian history. Trends set by him in architecture and relations with religious leaders paved the way for future pharaohs. Ramses II was the third king of the nineteenth dynasty and the son of Seti I. Seti took great care in the education of Ramses. He educated him both as a sportsman, and a warrior, but also included lessons in history, politics, and religious practices. Seti made sure Ramses was constantly surrounded by beautiful ladies in waiting, and possibly had a wife chosen for him very early in life. Ramses eventually had five or six wives, the foremost being Neferatri, and possibly over one hundred children (Montet 164). Ramses reigned for sixty-seven years and outlived twelve of his sons. He died at the age of ninety, and his thirteenth son, Merenptah, who was in his sixties, became a pharaoh (Time-Life). Immediately following the death of Seti I, Ramses began a massive restoration project on his father's building projects which had been abandoned. The first of these projects was the expansion of Seti's summer palace and ancestral home, at Avaris in the Nile Delta, into an entirely new capital city (Time-Life 51). Pi-Ramses, as it was later called, included a precinct which encompassed six square miles (half the size of the city), and contained a battle staging area complete with workshops, drilling fields, and stables for chariots. All of this to promote the army of Ramses. The location of Pi-Ramses was an attempt to move the center of Egyptian power closer to the center of commerce in the Eastern Mediterranean (Time-Life 32). The reign of Ramses II consisted of numerous building projects, including the temple at Abu Simbel, Hypostyle Hall, the Ramesseum, and the temple at Luxor. All of these projects displayed in their enormous size, the power of Ramses. Abu Simbel is located about 762 miles south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile River. It consists of two temples commissioned about 1250 B.C. which were built into the sandstone cliffs over looking the water. The smaller of the two temples was dedicated to the god Hathor, and Ramses' deified queen, Nefertari. The larger templemostly contained statues of Re-Harakhti, god of the rising son, but it also contained statues of Ptah, Amon-Re, and King Ramses II himself (Peck). Ramses finished Hypostyle Hall, which was begun by Seti, and is the largest of its kind in the world. It encompasses 54,000 square feet, and includes 134 columns with a roof eighty feet high. The interior walls of Hypostyle Hall tell of Ramses' divine coronation and other sacred scenes which partially covered the reliefs of his father. The outside walls depict Ramses' military campaigns in Canaan and Syria, including the famous battle of Kadesh, and a copy of the peace treaty which was signed with the Hittites (Time-Life 51). Both the Ramesseum, and the Temple at Luxor, display enormous statues of Ramses himself. The Ramesseum, a mortuary temple, contains a sixty-six foot tall seated statue of the pharaoh. This statue weighs one thousand tons, making it the largest known statue ever carved from a single piece of granite (Time-Life 54).

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We know very little of the first several hundred years of the Anglo-Saxon, or "English", era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people. In this paper I will discuss their warband history and why their lives were full of battles and great stories. Our earliest records of them are little more than highly inventive lists of rulers. We know that they established separate kingdoms, the Saxons settling in the south and west, the Angles in the east and north, and the Jutes on the Isle of Wight and the mainland opposite. They probably thought of themselves as separate peoples, but they shared a common language and similar customs. Today we know that the Anglo-Saxons set the foundations on which the English nation developed. In spite of continual internal warfare, they built upon those foundations and developed a high degree of civilization. When the Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries, they found that most of the towns built by the Romans had fallen into ruins. The early Anglo-Saxons lived in small settlements consisting of just two or three families and a few buildings. Later, settlements grew into villages and small towns. Anglo-Saxon culture is not much different from society today. Thanes were punished for being disloyal, just as there are consequences for breaking laws. They also had religion in their lives, which is even more apparent today. Their focus in life was to gain fame from their bravery, just as every young child today wants to be famous. The Anglo-Saxons laid foundations that have been built upon over time and are now edifices. An Anglo-Saxons life usually based itself around a ruler and their religion. That’s why religion and war were such big parts of their history. To understand their thoughts on warfare one must understand there views on life. In Beowulf, Burton Raffel portrays many aspects of Anglo-Saxon lifestyle, especially the importance of weaponry, women's r... Free Essays on Midevil Free Essays on Midevil We know very little of the first several hundred years of the Anglo-Saxon, or "English", era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people. In this paper I will discuss their warband history and why their lives were full of battles and great stories. Our earliest records of them are little more than highly inventive lists of rulers. We know that they established separate kingdoms, the Saxons settling in the south and west, the Angles in the east and north, and the Jutes on the Isle of Wight and the mainland opposite. They probably thought of themselves as separate peoples, but they shared a common language and similar customs. Today we know that the Anglo-Saxons set the foundations on which the English nation developed. In spite of continual internal warfare, they built upon those foundations and developed a high degree of civilization. When the Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries, they found that most of the towns built by the Romans had fallen into ruins. The early Anglo-Saxons lived in small settlements consisting of just two or three families and a few buildings. Later, settlements grew into villages and small towns. Anglo-Saxon culture is not much different from society today. Thanes were punished for being disloyal, just as there are consequences for breaking laws. They also had religion in their lives, which is even more apparent today. Their focus in life was to gain fame from their bravery, just as every young child today wants to be famous. The Anglo-Saxons laid foundations that have been built upon over time and are now edifices. An Anglo-Saxons life usually based itself around a ruler and their religion. That’s why religion and war were such big parts of their history. To understand their thoughts on warfare one must understand there views on life. In Beowulf, Burton Raffel portrays many aspects of Anglo-Saxon lifestyle, especially the importance of weaponry, women's r... Free Essays on Midevil The Personality of War We know very little of the first several hundred years of the Anglo-Saxon, or "English", era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people. In this paper I will discuss their warband history and why their lives were full of battles and great stories. Our earliest records of them are little more than highly inventive lists of rulers. We know that they established separate kingdoms, the Saxons settling in the south and west, the Angles in the east and north, and the Jutes on the Isle of Wight and the mainland opposite. They probably thought of themselves as separate peoples, but they shared a common language and similar customs. Today we know that the Anglo-Saxons set the foundations on which the English nation developed. In spite of continual internal warfare, they built upon those foundations and developed a high degree of civilization. When the Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries, they found that most of the towns built by the Romans had fallen into ruins. The early Anglo-Saxons lived in small settlements consisting of just two or three families and a few buildings. Later, settlements grew into villages and small towns. Anglo-Saxon culture is not much different from society today. Thanes were punished for being disloyal, just as there are consequences for breaking laws. They also had religion in their lives, which is even more apparent today. Their focus in life was to gain fame from their bravery, just as every young child today wants to be famous. The Anglo-Saxons laid foundations that have been built upon over time and are now edifices. An Anglo-Saxons life usually based itself around a ruler and their religion. That’s why religion and war were such big parts of their history. To understand their thoughts on warfare one must understand there views on life. In Beowulf, Burton Raffel portrays many aspects of Anglo-Saxon lifestyle, especially the import...

Criminal and Civil Litigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal and Civil Litigation - Essay Example The scenario of Foster and Powell falls under the Anti-Trust laws. The Civil Litigation Process has the following stages a) Stages of Civil Litigation i) Issuing the Statement of Claim; the litigation process always starts with issuing a statement setting out facts and legal grounds supporting the Plaintiff’s claim against the defendant (The Law Society, 2012). ii) Replying to the statement of defense; the moment the Defense has been submitted to the Plaintiff, the Plaintiff has a chance to reply the statement of defense. iii) Affidavit of Documents; this process is always after all parties have received their claims; for instance at this stage the parties will prepare, swear and serve their Affidavit of Document (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). This is a sworn document containing all the documents that each party has in possession and are relevant for the litigation process between the parties. In the case of Foster where we have a disputed contract, the documents required are a copy of the contract, and letters between the parties must and should be included in the Affidavit of Documents (The Law Society, 2012). ... or Discovery; in case the parties are unable to clear their differences at the mediation meeting, the lawyers of the Plaintiff get an opportunity to ask defendants questions under oath and vice-versa (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). vi) Undertakings and Motions before trial; during the examination for discovery stage, some information especially of the party answering questions may not be readily available. Given this situation, parties can provide answers and copies of the missing documents following the discovery (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). On agreement to do this, the parties are given an undertaking. However, if a party refuses to comply with the undertaking he is likely to face punishment of a Judge or Master. vii) Trial Scheduling Court; after all refusals and undertakings have been dealt with, the litigants will attend in front of a Judge to get a trial date. With regard to the simplicity or complexity and length of trial, will determine how fast the litigants can have their matt ers resolved (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). viii) Settlement Conference; this occurs before trial and is always before the Judge. Normally, the settlement conference takes place after all parties have agreed to go to trial and hence they will be possessing documents that they will be relying on together with reports from their respective experts (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). ix) Trial; in many cases, litigation cases do not reach the trial stage as it is expensive and hence majority of litigation disputes are resolved early enough. However, if the disputes are not resolved early, then the trial is inevitable (Heydary Hamilton PC, 2011). The trial stage is the last step in litigation. b) i) Application made in case of the missing agreement The dispute between Foster and Powell, if Foster

Strategic Initiative plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Initiative plan - Research Paper Example The launch of a new advertising campaign can be used as a strategic move to spur a sales jump in the short term. Financial planning is another important function that is correlated to strategic planning. A financial plan must be prepared to determine how much investment is needed for any initiatives or strategic projects the company desires to implement. Financial planning involves determining how to obtain the resources needed to finance a project. Some of the sources that can be used to finance a strategic plan include selling common or preferred stocks, bonds, sale of assets, and loans from financial institutions. Strategic planning and financial planning are correlated because the implementation of a strategic plan is dependent of the budget available. A financial planning technique that can be used to predict the future financial outcome of a company is pro-forma financial statements. The master budget is also used to keep track of inflows and outflows of a project. â€Å"The master budget is a summary of companys plans that sets specific targets for sales, production, distribution and f inancing activities† (Accountingformanagement, 2012). Multinational corporations often utilize strategic and financial planning to achieve the goals of the company. The company I work for has utilized strategic planning effectively in the past. Last year the company entered into a strategic marketing alliance with a competitor in order to increase the overall demand for the product. The firm also utilized strategic planning in its human resource function. Due to the increase production demand the firm had to hire an additional 25 employees. A financial planning initiative that the company performed last year was obtaining a $4 million business loan that was used for leasehold improvements, research and development, and to finance an expansion project. Large companies such as

Musical Hair Critiquing Essay Example for Free

Musical Hair Critiquing Essay 1) What show are you critiquing? Hair 2) Give a brief summary of the story line. Claude Hooper Bukowski, an Oklahoma farm boy, heads to New York City to enter the Army and serve in the Vietnam War. In Central Park, he meets a troupe of free-spirited hippies led by George Berger, a young man who introduces him to debutante Sheila Franklin when they crash a dinner party at her home. Inevitably, Claude is sent off to recruit training in Nevada, but Berger and his band of merry pranksters follow him. Sheila flirts with an off-duty Sergeant in order to steal his uniform, which she gives to Berger. He uses it to extract Claude from the base for a last meeting with Sheila, taking his place, but while Claude is away, the unit flies out to Vietnam, taking Berger with them. The film ends with the main cast singing at Bergers grave, followed by scenes of a large anti-war protest outside the White House in Washington, DC. 3) What did you like best about this show? Hair succeeds at all levels—as lowdown fun, as affecting drama, as exhilarating spectacle and as provocative social observation. It achieves its goals by rigorously obeying the rules of classic American musical comedy: dialogue, plot, song and dance blend seamlessly to create a juggernaut of excitement. 4) What did you like least about this show? The film omits the songs The Bed, Dead End, Oh Great God of Power, I Believe in Love, Going Down, Air, My Conviction, Abie Baby, Frank Mills, and What a Piece of Work is Man from the musical. Many of the songs have been shortened, sped up, rearranged, or assigned to different characters to allow for the differences in plot. 5) Who was the hero/heroine? Claude Hooper Bukowski/ Sheila Franklin. 6) Who was the villain? The General. 7) Were you able to understand everything? If not what did you understand? A major plot difference between the film and the musical involves a mistake that leads Berger to go to Vietnam in Claudes place, where he is killed. The musical focuses on the U.S. peace movement, as well as the love relationships among the Tribe members, while the film focuses on the carefree antics of the hippies. But why not make the film ending a happy one? In that case, the movie will better reflect the aspect of American Culture Happy Ever After. 8) Did you get a chance to listen to the soundtrack? Unfortunately not. 9) What was your favorite song? Aquarius. 10) Did you think that the actors were well cast? Sure. The cast featured John Savage as Claude Hooper Bukowski, Treat Williams as George Berger and Beverly DAngelo as Sheila Franklin. Williams was nominated for New Star of the Year in a Motion Picture Male. 11) If you were to remake this show who would you cast in the title roles? Why? If I were to remake the show, I would sill choose the actor and actress as the hero and heroine. The actors are really good-looking, and they can sing and dance well. 12) What aspect of American Culture do you see in this show? Nothing ventured nothing gained. Berger is not only at the heart of the hippie Tribe but is assigned some of Claudes conflict involving whether or not to obey the draft. His death led to the large anti-war protest and featured the carefree antics of the hippies.

Prisoners Without Choice Essay -- Zoology Zoo Animals Essays

Prisoners without Choice When people go on a trip to the zoo, it can be assumed that they do not think about much more than what they can see. Signals that make zoos unfair and sometimes unbearable for the captive animals are not visible to most spectators. This essay will explain how zoos are unjust and should not be supported. Animals should not be held captive due their negative behavioral changes, lack of natural habitat and the zoos failure to effectively preserve endangered species. Even though zoos try to imitate the natural habitat of each animal, the area for the zoo might not be able to support the animals needed environment. When visiting a zoo many people fail to notice that the animals have living areas measuring an acre or smaller. â€Å"Their enclosures are often small, barren, and without shade or privacy† (Laws). â€Å"Animals also need to endure dirty living conditions, stagnant water, and hard floors to sleep on at night† (Laws). It’s obvious that in the wild any animal has almost unlimited space to live in. They catch and forage for food naturally and mate naturally. Natural hunting and mating behaviors are virtually eliminated by regulated feeding and breeding regimens. Captive animals are not able to choose their own mates. After a captive animal does eventually breed, their mate is taken out of the area. This can be emotionally damaging for those animals who choose a mate for life. Most animals are similar to humans in the fact that they need a connection with their mate. Zoos often eliminate this option. The animals are closely confined, lack privacy, and have little opportunity for mental stimulation or physical exercise, resulting in abnormal and self-destructive behavior. This b... ...re not met. Animals are living beings that deserve rights and respect, and being kept in a zoo does not meet these standards. People need to realize that animals are worthy of some of the privileges we receive. Endangered species can ultimately be saved by us, if we support their natural habitats and fight the people who kill them. â€Å"Significantly, we object to human captivity for one reason only, that humans have a right to freedom, or just ought to be free. Why shouldn’t this be the case with non-humans too?† (Bostock). Zoos should not be supported because they are violating animal rights. Works Cited Bostock, Stephen, Zoos and Animal Rights: The ethics of keeping animals, 1993 â€Å"Laws as they apply to Animals and Zoos†, http://www.petaindia.com/zoolaws.html, Accessed 4/5/03 â€Å"Zoos: Pitiful Prisons†, http://www.peta.org/mc/facts, Accessed 3/20/03

The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Anton Ermakov Period 4 US History Essay The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki On August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, and then, three days later, dropped another bomb on Nagasaki. Since both bombs were dropped, there has been controversy over this important event. Some people feel strongly that the United States was justified in the decision to drop the bombs, whereas many other people believe that it was not necessary to bomb Japan at that point in the war.Write a five-paragraph essay in which you state your opinion on this difficult issue and then explain, describe, and support your point of view with examples and details. The atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki occupy an important place among the most controversial events in the history of humanity. Even though almost seventy years passes since these events, their morality and justification are still questioned extensively by both scholars and ordinary people. In my opinion, the bombings were a grim necessity, which gave the US an opportunity to avoid heavy casualties and conclude the war triumphantly. In this essay, I am going to explain my views and provide arguments in favor of my point of view. Personally, I believe that using the deadliest weapon ever created by a man played a crucial role in crushing the Japanese morale and battle spirit. At the end of World War II, the Japanese society was heavily militarized and fanatically devoted to serving Emperor Hirohito, who was viewed as a living god by his subjects.Therefore, the entire country of Japan lived by the warrior code of bushido, ready to fight for the defense of their mainland. Despite this fatalistic readiness for a final fight, the Japanese were not ready for experiencing the terror of nuclear warfare. The tragic events at Hiroshima and Nagasaki forced the Japanese nation to abandon their will to fight to death, causing the Japanese government to agree with the American terms of surrender. Second of all, I believe that the bombings actually helped save tens of housands of lives from both sides of the conflict by helping the US military to bypass the need for a massive invasion of the Japanese mainland. Before the completion of the Manhattan Project, the military planned to mount an invasion from the newly-captured islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Considering the scale of the defensive preparations conducted by the Japanese government leads to me to believe that a conventional invasion of Japan would result in a massive number of American casualties. The operation of this magnitude would also be extremely harmful for the civilian population of Japan.These reasons make me believe that the unfortunate eradication of the two Japanese cities was a lesser evil. Finally the atomic bombings provided the United States with an opportunity to establish its position as a new superpower, demonstrating its military might to the prospective rival superpower of the USS R. Even though demonstrating the capabilities of a weapon of such destructive power on the civilian population is definitely immoral, it was the best way to showcase the atomic bomb, which eventually became an important asset in keeping the Soviet aggression in check.By using nuclear weapons in combat, the US managed to get an upper hand in an early arms race with the Soviet Union and maintain that position until the testing of the first Soviet nuclear bomb in 1949. In conclusion, I would like to say that, even though the bombing raids on Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in tens of thousands of civilian deaths, they were instrumental in overcoming the stubborn resistance of the Japanese government, bringing the war to an end, and saving a far greater number of lives in other Japanese cities. Beyond all doubt, these events are tragic, but they should not be perceived as a horrible and unnecessary atrocity.